'Population census' of galaxies buried in dust

May 31, 2013 ? Conventional research on distant galaxies have been carried out mainly with visible light and near infrared light. However, it is possible that many galaxies in the universe have been overlooked as much of that radiation is largely absorbed by cosmic dust. That is why millimeter and submillimeter wave observations are important. Stellar light absorbed by dust is reradiated from the dust as millimeter/submillimeter waves. Therefore galaxies, even those which it has not been possible to observe with optical telescopes, can be detected using these wavebands. Furthermore, millimeter/submillimeter waves are suitable for observation of distant galaxies. This is because the more distant the galaxy is, the more luminous part of light we can see due to the shift of wavelength of light by the expansion of the universe. This effect is called "negative K correction" and it compensates the source dimming in the distant universe.

In past observations, gigantic galaxies deeply covered in dust, where several hundreds to thousands of stars are actively forming per year, have been detected with millimeter/submillimeter waves. To capture the overall picture of galaxies in the universe, it is important to observe "general galaxies" which have moderate star-formation activities. However, it has not been possible to detect faint galaxies due to the low sensitivity of existing observation instruments.

Observations with ALMA

The research team observed a field named "Subaru/XMM-Newtown Deep Survey Field," located in the direction of the constellation Cetus, with the ALMA telescope. As a result, they succeeded in finding 15 extremely dark galaxies that were unidentified until now. "It is thanks to the high performance of ALMA, which is proudly said to be the best in the world, that observations like this have been made possible," said Hatsukade.

With the ALMA observations the team successfully measured the number density of galaxies approximately 10 times darker than the millimeter wave research results up to now. The new results agree well with the prediction by the theories of galaxy formation. That means, the galaxies detected in this research are the faint but dust-rich galaxies and they are most likely to be similar in type to normal galaxies not detected before.. In regards to this, Professor Ohta commented, "This is a big step towards getting the big picture of galaxy evolution as the objects connecting especially bright galaxies in millimeter/submillimeter waves and normal galaxies were detected with ALMA."

Furthermore, the team concluded that approximately 80% of the sources of the cosmic background radiation within the millimeter/submillimeter wavebands are more "normal galaxies" like those detected by ALMA this time.. Past observations showed the total power of signals emitted from the universe with the millimeter/submillimeter wavebands. However, spatial resolution was not sufficient to identify the sources of all the signals; only 10 -- 20% of them were identified.

Future prospects

To gain an overall picture of galaxies in the universe requires a much higher sensitivity for observation. For this research, only a part of the ALMA telescope, 23~25 antennas, were used. As the number of antennas in the ALMA telescope increases, its observation ability will also improve. Hatsukade expressed his hopes, saying "I want to clarify the overall picture of galaxy evolution. So, using ALMA, I would like to make observations of much fainter galaxies, and also study star formation activities and the amount of dust in those galaxies in detail." Professor Ohta also mentioned, "We are also planning to make thorough observations with visible light and infrared radiation, using the Subaru Telescope. This is in order to explore the nature of galaxies become darker due to light-absorbing dust. But for observations of extremely dark galaxies, we might need the Thirty Meter Telescope with much larger light-gathering power."

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/lrO631o3Axw/130531105234.htm

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Crop futures rise on wet weather concerns

Prices for corn, soybeans and wheat ended higher as traders worried about more crop delays caused by wet weather.

Corn for July delivery rose 7.75 cents to $6.62 a bushel Friday, an increase of 1.2 percent. Soybeans for delivery in the same month rose 14.25 cents to $15.10 a bushel. July wheat rose 6.75 cents to $7.055 a bushel.

Wet weather in crop-growing states like North Dakota, Minnesota and Iowa sent crop prices higher across the board, said Chris Nagel, market analyst at Northstar Commodity in Minneapolis.

"You're seeing more concern about the weather forecast and what's going to get planted," Nagel said. "The spring wheat crop planting is pretty much at a standstill is likely to stay that way for a while."

Metals prices fell. The actively traded August contract for gold fell $19 to $1,393 an ounce, a loss of 1.3 percent. Silver for July delivery fell 44.7 cents to $22.243 an ounce.

July platinum fell $20.90 to $1,461.80 an ounce, September palladium fell $6.90 to $753.65 an ounce and July copper fell 2.3 cents to $3.2925 a pound.

The price of crude oil fell $1.64 to $91.97 a barrel. Oil fell to its lowest level in a month after OPEC stuck to its current production target despite ample supplies of crude.

In other energy trading, wholesale gasoline fell 5 cents to close at $2.76 a gallon, heating oil fell 6 cents to close at $2.78 per gallon and natural gas fell 4 cents to close at $3.98 per 1,000 cubic feet.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/crop-futures-rise-wet-weather-concerns-194920615.html

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10 Celebrities Getting College Degrees This Month

Graduation is upon us, and you know what that means: lots of celebrities getting degrees they didn't earn! Well, didn't earn the conventional way, anyhow. This spring, Ben Affleck, Jimmy Kimmel and Michael Strahan are among the stars who collected PhDs honoring their professional achievements (and gave undergrads a thrill with their commencement speeches).

Source: http://www.ivillage.com/celebrities-getting-college-degrees-ben-affleck-jimmy-kimmel/1-a-537598?dst=iv%3AiVillage%3Acelebrities-getting-college-degrees-ben-affleck-jimmy-kimmel-537598

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Paterno family, others at PSU sue NCAA

BELLEFONTE, Pa. (AP) ? The NCAA is facing a new legal attack after the family of the late coach Joe Paterno was joined by former players and others connected to Penn State in a lawsuit seeking to overturn the landmark sanctions for the Jerry Sandusky child sex abuse scandal.

Long rumored to be under development, the 40-page lawsuit filed Thursday tries to show that the NCAA and its top leadership overstepped the organization's own rules in levying penalties against the football program with uncharacteristic speed, representatives for the Paterno family have said. They hoped it would raise new questions about the university's internal investigation led by former FBI director Louis Freeh, along with how and why the NCAA used Freeh's report as a basis for its sanctions in July.

A statement late Wednesday night from Paterno family attorney Wick Sollers said the case would be "further proof that the NCAA has lost sense of its mission" after college sports' governing body relied on Freeh's explosive report. Freeh asserted last July that Paterno and three school officials concealed allegations against Sandusky, a retired defensive coordinator; the NCAA announced its sanctions less than two weeks later.

"If there was ever a situation that demanded meticulous review and a careful adherence to NCAA rules and guidelines, this was it," Sollers said in the statement. "Instead, the NCAA placed a premium on speed over accuracy and precipitous action over due process."

It suit is the latest filing in a tangled web of litigation related to the sanctions. Most prominently, Pennsylvania Gov. Tom Corbett has filed a federal antitrust lawsuit against the NCAA, which also has faced criticism for a botched investigation of Miami and departures in the enforcement division.

On Wednesday, Sollers and other family representatives spoke with Bob Costas on his NBC Sports Network show, along with other media, in previewing the latest lawsuit.

The NCAA said Wednesday it had not received any such lawsuit and could not comment.

"Despite our request, the Paterno family has not shared any information about its planned legal action," chief legal officer Donald Remy said in a statement. "We remain committed to working with Penn State toward the continued successful completion of our voluntary agreement with the university and to working" with the NCAA's independent monitor, former U.S. Sen. George Mitchell.

Penn State spokesman Dave La Torre said the school was not a party to any litigation that might be filed by the family and remained committed to "full compliance" with the sanctions.

"We look forward to continuing to work with Sen. George Mitchell and recognize the important role that intercollegiate athletics provides for our student athletes and the wider university community," the statement from La Torre said.

NCAA president Mark Emmert and Oregon State President Edward Ray, who was chair of the NCAA's executive committee, "acted in clear and direct violation of the organization's own rules based on a flawed report" by Freeh, said the statement from family representatives.

Sollers said Freeh is not named as a defendant, but is listed as a "co-conspirator" in the lawsuit. He says that there were close communications between the NCAA and Freeh's team throughout the investigation.

The Associated Press left messages Wednesday for a spokesman for Freeh.

Paterno's son, Jay Paterno, and Bill Kenney were two former Paterno assistants taking part in the action against the NCAA, the statement said. Also joining in the suit were five trustees, including vocal critic Anthony Lubrano and former player Adam Taliaferro; four faculty members; and other nine ex-Penn State players, including Seahawks fullback Michael Robinson, according to the statement.

Dick Thornburgh, a former U.S. attorney general and Pennsylvania governor, also was interviewed by Costas. Thornburgh was one of the authors of a critique released in February and commissioned by the Paterno family that called Freeh's work a "rush to injustice."

Freeh accused Paterno and three former university officials of covering up allegations against Sandusky, who was sentenced to at least 30 years in prison after being convicted last year of dozens of criminal counts of abuse including assaults on and off campus.

Paterno died in January 2012. His family and the former school officials have vehemently denied they took part in a cover-up.

Sollers said the NCAA bypassed its typical lengthy investigative process and relied on Freeh's report, then bullied Penn State behind the scenes into agreeing to the sanctions.

The university board as a whole entity has never formally discussed, nor has it voted on Freeh's report, though its members have embraced many of Freeh's recommendations to improve university governance and procedures.

The penalties against Penn State included a $60 million fine. The NCAA also vacated 111 wins from Paterno's record, meaning he would no longer hold the title of major college football's winningest coach.

The lawsuit lodges six counts against the NCAA, Emmert and Ray, including breach of contract, civil conspiracy, defamation and commercial disparagement, according to Sollers' statement.

Sollers has said the suit would ask for the sanctions and agreement between school and the NCAA to be deemed unlawful and the penalties overturned.

The lawsuit also would ask for unspecified damages and court costs, Sollers said, though the family would donate any net proceeds to charity.

"The broader goal is to get the truth out," Sollers told The Associated Press in an interview Wednesday. "This narrative that's in public that was perpetuated by the NCAA's adoption of the deeply flawed Freeh report ... cannot stand."

The family planned to post the complaint on www.paterno.com after it was filed.

___

Online:

Freeh report: http://progress.psu.edu/the-freeh-report

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/paterno-family-others-psu-sue-ncaa-163239725.html

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Wit, grit and a supercomputer yield chemical structure of HIV capsid

May 29, 2013 ? A team led by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine has described for the first time the 4-million-atom structure of the HIV's capsid, or protein shell. The findings, highlighted on the cover of the May 30 issue of Nature, could lead to new ways of fending off an often-changing virus that has been very hard to conquer.

Scientists have long struggled to decipher how the HIV capsid shell is chemically put together, said senior author Peijun Zhang, Ph.D., associate professor, Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.

"The capsid is critically important for HIV replication, so knowing its structure in detail could lead us to new drugs that can treat or prevent the infection," she said. "This approach has the potential to be a powerful alternative to our current HIV therapies, which work by targeting certain enzymes, but drug resistance is an enormous challenge due to the virus' high mutation rate."

Previous research has shown that the cone-shaped shell is composed of identical capsid proteins linked together in a complex lattice of about 200 hexamers and 12 pentamers, Dr. Zhang said. But the shell is non-uniform and asymmetrical; uncertainty remained about the exact number of proteins involved and how the hexagons of six protein subunits and pentagons of five subunits are joined. Standard structural biology methods to decipher the molecular architecture were insufficient because they rely on averaged data, collected on samples of pieces of the highly variable capsid to identify how these pieces tend to go together.

Instead, the team used a hybrid approach, taking data from cryo-electron microscopy at an 8-angstrom resolution (a hydrogen atom measures 0.25 angstrom) to uncover how the hexamers are connected, and cryo-electron tomography of native HIV-1 cores, isolated from virions, to join the pieces of the puzzle. Collaborators at the University of Illinois then used their new Blue Waters supercomputer to run simulations at the petascale, involving 1 quadrillion operations per second, that positioned 1,300 proteins into a whole that reflected the capsid's known physical and structural characteristics.

The process revealed a three-helix bundle with critical molecular interactions at the seams of the capsid, areas that are necessary for the shell's assembly and stability, which represent vulnerabilities in the protective coat of the viral genome.

"The capsid is very sensitive to mutation, so if we can disrupt those interfaces, we could interfere with capsid function," Dr. Zhang said. "The capsid has to remain intact to protect the HIV genome and get it into the human cell, but once inside it has to come apart to release its content so that the virus can replicate. Developing drugs that cause capsid dysfunction by preventing its assembly or disassembly might stop the virus from reproducing."

The project was funded by National Institutes of Health grants GM082251, GM085043 and GM104601 and the National Science Foundation.

"By using a combination of experimental and computational approaches, this team of investigators has produced a clearer picture of the structure of HIV's protective covering," said the National Institutes of Health's Michael Sakalian, Ph.D., who oversees this and other grants funded through an AIDS-related structural biology program. "The new structural details may reveal vulnerabilities that could be exploited by future therapeutics."

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_science/~3/tMgcKXARwnE/130529133403.htm

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US detains man suspected in 4 Czech deaths

ALEXANDRIA, Va. (AP) ? The parents of an American man suspected of killing four family members in the Czech Republic find the allegations "incomprehensible."

That's according to the lawyer for Kevin Dahlgren, who is jailed in Alexandria pending possible extradition.

The lawyer, Theodore Simon, declined to answer questions about the case after a status hearing Wednesday in federal court. But he said he spoke with Dahlgren's parents in California, and they find it "incomprehensible, unimaginable and impossible" to believe their son was responsible.

Dahlgren is not formally charged in the Czech Republic, but authorities there suspect him of fatally stabbing his aunt, uncle and two cousins in the city of Brno earlier this month.

Dahlgren, who Czech authorities say was born in 1992, will remain in jail pending another status hearing next week.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/us-detains-man-suspected-4-czech-deaths-192744051.html

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Beer-pouring robot programmed to anticipate human actions

May 28, 2013 ? A robot in Cornell's Personal Robotics Lab has learned to foresee human action in order to step in and offer a helping hand, or more accurately, roll in and offer a helping claw.

Understanding when and where to pour a beer or knowing when to offer assistance opening a refrigerator door can be difficult for a robot because of the many variables it encounters while assessing the situation. A team from Cornell has created a solution.

Gazing intently with a Microsoft Kinect 3-D camera and using a database of 3D videos, the Cornell robot identifies the activities it sees, considers what uses are possible with the objects in the scene and determines how those uses fit with the activities. It then generates a set of possible continuations into the future -- such as eating, drinking, cleaning, putting away -- and finally chooses the most probable. As the action continues, the robot constantly updates and refines its predictions.

"We extract the general principles of how people behave," said Ashutosh Saxena, Cornell professor of computer science and co-author of a new study tied to the research. "Drinking coffee is a big activity, but there are several parts to it." The robot builds a "vocabulary" of such small parts that it can put together in various ways to recognize a variety of big activities, he explained.

Saxena will join Cornell graduate student Hema S. Koppula as they present their research at the International Conference of Machine Learning, June 18-21 in Atlanta, and the Robotics: Science and Systems conference June 24-28 in Berlin, Germany.

In tests, the robot made correct predictions 82 percent of the time when looking one second into the future, 71 percent correct for three seconds and 57 percent correct for 10 seconds.

"Even though humans are predictable, they are only predictable part of the time," Saxena said. "The future would be to figure out how the robot plans its action. Right now we are almost hard-coding the responses, but there should be a way for the robot to learn how to respond."

The research was supported by the U.S. Army Research Office, the Alfred E. Sloan Foundation and Microsoft.

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaa_wEkCvG0

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/Q-WusbqRSK8/130528143623.htm

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Scotiabank profit lifted by ING Direct, but lower than expected

By Cameron French

TORONTO (Reuters) - Bank of Nova Scotia said on Tuesday that quarterly profit rose 9.6 percent due largely to an acquisition, but missed estimates due to weaker commodities-related revenue and higher loan-loss provisions.

At mid-morning, the bank's shares were down 0.8 percent at C$59.11 in Toronto, making it the weakest performer among Canada's six biggest lenders, which were otherwise higher.

The result, the third earnings report from a Canadian bank this quarter, was padded by last year's C$3.1 billion ($2.98 billion) acquisition of the Canadian online lender ING Direct.

That deal contributed to a 19 percent jump in profit at Scotiabank's Canadian banking unit, which earned C$547 million.

But gains were more muted in the bank's other businesses, particularly global banking and markets, which saw income slide 6.7 percent to C$361 million due to declines in the bank's commodities and precious metals business.

Provisions for bad loans also weighed on the overall result, rising 30 percent to C$343 million, with most of the gains coming from the bank's international banking division.

"That goes to their exposure geographically. It's hard to get a handle on credit exposure there. It's just higher risk," said Tom Lewandowski, an analyst at Edward Jones in St. Louis.

Toronto-based Scotiabank operates in more than 50 countries, with the heaviest weighting in Latin America and a growing presence in Asia.

The bank, Canada's third-largest lender, earned C$1.60 billion ($1.55 billion), or C$1.23 a share, in the second quarter. That was up from a year-before profit of C$1.46 billion, or C$1.15 a share.

Excluding an amortization charge, the bank earned C$1.24 a share, falling just short of analysts' expectations of C$1.26 a share, according to Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S.

"Overall, it is a miss and so we expect some weakness relative to peers today," CIBC World Markets analyst Robert Sedran said in a note.

International lending profit climbed 5.1 percent to C$471 million, while wealth management income gained 12.4 percent to C$335 million.

The Canadian banking was strong even excluding the impact of the ING Direct acquisition, boasting residential mortgage growth of 7 percent despite signs that Canada's housing market is beginning to cool.

Weak mortgage growth led to disappointing second-quarter results at rival Toronto-Dominion Bank

last Thursday. Smaller National Bank of Canada reported a stronger-than-expected profit on Friday due to robust trading results.

Bank of Montreal will report on Wednesday, while Royal Bank of Canada and Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce are expected to release results on Thursday.

($1 = $1.0387 Canadian)

(Editing by Jeffrey Hodgson and Matthew Lewis)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/scotiabank-profit-lifted-ing-direct-lower-expected-155024425.html

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Operative death rates higher at weekend, warn researchers

May 29, 2013 ? There is a higher risk of death for patients who have elective surgery later in the week and at the weekend, compared with those earlier in the week, a new paper? suggests

Previous research has suggested a significantly higher risk of death if admitted as an emergency patient at the weekend compared with a weekday. Plus, other papers have described the "weekend effect."

Researchers offer two potential explanations for this: poorer quality of care at the weekend (which can be attributed to staffing levels and / or less senior / experienced staff) and patients who are admitted or operated on at the weekend being more severely ill.

In this, the first study to focus on day of elective surgery to report a 'weekday effect', researchers from Imperial College London investigate death rates for planned admissions by day of the week of procedure, hypothesising that if there is a quality of care issue at weekends, higher death rates would be seen.

National hospital administrative data were used, linked with death certificates. Information was used on patients' age, gender, source of admission and diagnoses. Mortality outcome was defined as any death occurring within 30 days of the index procedure.

The researchers focussed their study on five higher-risk major surgical procedure groups: excision of esophagus and / or stomach; excision of colon and / or rectum; coronary artery bypass graft; repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm and excision of lung.

There were 4,133,346 elective inpatient surgical procedures with 27,582 deaths within 30 days of the date of procedure during 2008/2009 to 2010/2011. 4.5% of this surgery was performed at the weekend.

Weekend patients tended to have fewer diseases, fewer admissions, longer waiting time and lower-risk surgery.

The overall risk of 30-day death for patients undergoing elective surgery increased with each day of the week the procedure was performed (by an odds ratio factor of 1.09 per day from Monday). Compared with Monday, the risk of death was significantly higher if procedures were carried out on a Friday. There were also significant differences in the observed rates of death for each day of the week, compared with Monday, for all procedures.

The 30-day mortality rates (for the five selected major survival procedures) per 1000 admissions were: 35 for excision of esophagus and/or stomach; 24 for excision of colon and/or rectum; 20 for coronary artery bypass graft; 34 for repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm and 20 for excision of lung. All procedures, apart from repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm, had statistically significant trends towards higher mortality at the end of the working week and weekends compared with Monday.

The findings suggest that the weekend effect might be more pronounced for patients with more diseases and for patients with three or more previous admissions, than for patients with none.

The researchers say that their analysis confirms their hypothesis that there is a 'weekday effect' on mortality for patients undergoing elective surgery. They say that serious complications are more likely to occur within the first 48 hours post-operatively and a failure to rescue the patient may be due to well-known issues relating to reduced, and / or locum, staffing and poorer availability of services.

They conclude that without more information related to surgical care processes, including the organisation of services / staffing, it remains unclear if the estimated risks can be entirely attributed to differences in quality of care and provision needs to be made for adequate services to support these patients and ensure the best outcome.

In an accompanying editorial, doctors from the Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto say that reassuringly, the "weekend effect" is not due to reduced staffing levels. They say the paper's findings do however beg the question, what makes these patients different? Doctors Kwan and Bell question whether there are any differences between "surgeons who operate or the surgical teams who work at weekends and those who work in the week." They conclude the scheduling of elective procedures can be controlled but ask whether we are willing to "sacrifice the safe provision of care for shorter procedural wait times and length of stay."

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_health/~3/Qdo76-wMil4/130529092904.htm

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Court stays out of Planned Parenthood funding case

WASHINGTON (AP) ? The Supreme Court will not disturb a lower court ruling that blocks Indiana's effort to strip Medicaid funds from Planned Parenthood because the organization performs abortions among its medical services.

The justices did not comment Tuesday in rejecting the state's appeal of a federal appeals court ruling in favor of Planned Parenthood.

The 7th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals said the state law targeting Planned Parenthood went too far. Indiana is among more than a dozen states that have enacted or considered laws to cut off taxpayer money to organizations that provide abortion.

The law aimed to deny Planned Parenthood funds from the joint federal-state Medicaid health program for the poor that are used for general health services including cancer screening.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/89ae8247abe8493fae24405546e9a1aa/Article_2013-05-28-US-Supreme-Court-Planned-Parenthood/id-d0d1edb9eed844a09c7e7b5ca07e9d4d

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You can?t handle the physics! (Unqualified Offerings)

Share With Friends: | | Politics - Top Stories News, RSS Feeds and Widgets via Feedzilla.

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Watch the Curiosity rover explore Mars in one minute (video)

It hasn't even been a year from the time NASA's Curiosity rover landed on Mars, yet it already boasts a number of accomplishments. All the while, Opportunity's successor has been sending images back to Earth documenting its numerous great deeds, and a fan of the rover's work has compiled many of the them into the video you see above. So, now you can get a glimpse of Curiosity capturing awe-inspiring shots of Mount Sharp, unearthing evidence of liquid water, determining the alien soil's chemical composition, and discovering conditions that could've allowed microbes to thrive on the red planet all in the span of a minute. Hit play to check out what Curiosity's been up to from its first through its 281st Sol -- or Martian day -- as well as to see the extraterrestrial lands our grandchildren might occupy in the future.

Filed under: Misc, Science

Comments

Source: YouTube

Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/LHYPRxvkb3A/

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Down syndrome neurons grown from stem cells show signature problems

May 27, 2013 ? Down syndrome, the most common genetic form of intellectual disability, results from an extra copy of one chromosome. Although people with Down syndrome experience intellectual difficulties and other problems, scientists have had trouble identifying why that extra chromosome causes such widespread effects.

In new research published this week, Anita Bhattacharyya, a neuroscientist at the Waisman Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, reports on brain cells that were grown from skin cells of individuals with Down syndrome.

"Even though Down syndrome is very common, it's surprising how little we know about what goes wrong in the brain," says Bhattacharyya. "These new cells provide a way to look at early brain development."

The study began when those skin cells were transformed into induced pluripotent stem cells, which can be grown into any type of specialized cell. Bhattacharyya's lab, working with Su-Chun Zhang and Jason Weick, then grew those stem cells into brain cells that could be studied in the lab.

One significant finding was a reduction in connections among the neurons, Bhattacharyya says. "They communicate less, are quieter. This is new, but it fits with what little we know about the Down syndrome brain." Brain cells communicate through connections called synapses, and the Down neurons had only about 60 percent of the usual number of synapses and synaptic activity. "This is enough to make a difference," says Bhattacharyya. "Even if they recovered these synapses later on, you have missed this critical window of time during early development."

The researchers looked at genes that were affected in the Down syndrome stem cells and neurons, and found that genes on the extra chromosome were increased 150 percent, consistent with the contribution of the extra chromosome.

However, the output of about 1,500 genes elsewhere in the genome was strongly affected. "It's not surprising to see changes, but the genes that changed were surprising," says Bhattacharyya. The predominant increase was seen in genes that respond to oxidative stress, which occurs when molecular fragments called free radicals damage a wide variety of tissues.

"We definitely found a high level of oxidative stress in the Down syndrome neurons," says Bhattacharyya. "This has been suggested before from other studies, but we were pleased to find more evidence for that. We now have a system we can manipulate to study the effects of oxidative stress and possibly prevent them."

Down syndrome includes a range of symptoms that could result from oxidative stress, Bhattacharyya says, including accelerated aging. "In their 40s, Down syndrome individuals age very quickly. They suddenly get gray hair; their skin wrinkles, there is rapid aging in many organs, and a quick appearance of Alzheimer's disease. Many of these processes may be due to increased oxidative stress, but it remains to be directly tested."

Oxidative stress could be especially significant, because it appears right from the start in the stem cells. "This suggests that these cells go through their whole life with oxidative stress," Bhattacharyya adds, "and that might contribute to the death of neurons later on, or increase susceptibility to Alzheimer's."

Other researchers have created neurons with Down syndrome from induced pluripotent stem cells, Bhattacharyya notes. "However, we are the first to report this synaptic deficit, and to report the effects on genes on other chromosomes in neurons. We are also the first to use stem cells from the same person that either had or lacked the extra chromosome. This allowed us to look at the difference just caused by extra chromosome, not due to the genetic difference among people."

The research, published the week of May 27 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, was a basic exploration of the roots of Down syndrome. Bhattacharyya says that while she did not intend to explore treatments in the short term, "we could potentially use these cells to test or intelligently design drugs to target symptoms of Down syndrome."

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/oDvMzhsq7NE/130527153656.htm

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AP PHOTOS: Tony Kanaan finally wins Indy 500

Popular Brazilian Tony Kanaan ended years of heartbreak and won the Indianapolis 500 on Sunday on a day that saw a record 68 lead changes and a record average speed of 187.433 mph. It was also the coolest day in a decade at the speedway, but it didn't keep Kanaan from celebrating with the traditional celebration of milk after his victory. Carlos Munoz, a 21-year-old Colombian making his first IndyCar start, finished second and defending IndyCar Series champion Ryan Hunter-Reay was third.

Here is a gallery of photos from the race.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ap-photos-tony-kanaan-finally-wins-indy-500-210523254.html

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Yahoo buys social gaming software company PlayerScale | Joystiq

While Yahoo was in the news recently for its acquisition of Tumblr, it was also busy buying up another company this week: PlayerScale. PlayerScale's CEO Jesper Jensen announced the company's acquisition on its official site.

Founded in 2011, PlayerScale creates software that aids developers in scaling their games across social, mobile and casual platforms, including XBLA, Facebook, the iOS App Store and Google Play market. Its service has over 150 million users across 4,000 titles, according to the company's site. Hard numbers on how much Yahoo spent to pick up PlayerScale, as well as Yahoo's plans for social gaming going forward have yet to be revealed.

Source: http://www.joystiq.com/2013/05/25/yahoo-buys-social-gaming-software-company-playerscale/

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Native American Veterans Lobby For Memorial On National Mall

ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. -- The Navajo Code Talkers are legendary. Then there was Cpl. Ira Hamilton Hayes, the Pima Indian who became a symbol of courage and patriotism when he and his fellow Marines raised the flag over Iwo Jima in 1945.

Before World War II and in the decades since, tens of thousands of American Indians have enlisted in the Armed Forces to serve their country at a rate much greater than any other ethnicity.

Yet, among all the monuments and statues along the National Mall in Washington, D.C., not one stands in recognition.

A grassroots effort is brewing among tribes across the country to change that, while Democratic Sen. Brian Schatz of Hawaii has introduced legislation that would clear the way for the National Museum of the American Indian to begin raising private funds for a memorial.

"This is not a political gamble for anyone, and it's not politically threatening for anyone," said Jefferson Keel, a retired Army officer and president of the National Congress of American Indians. "This is something that both sides of the aisle can get behind and support, because it's not going to cost a lot of money for the country. It's just something that needs to be done."

The push for a memorial can be traced back to the 1980s when the well-known Three Soldiers sculpture was unveiled near the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. Depicted are three American soldiers: one white, one black and a Hispanic.

During the Vietnam era, the federal government says more than 42,000 Native Americans served in the military and 90 percent of those service members were volunteers.

"I've come across veterans from throughout the whole country, from the East Coast all the way to California, and a lot of Indian who people believe that there should be something on the National Mall. We're not there, we haven't been recognized," said Steven Bowers, a Vietnam veteran and member of the Seminole tribe in Florida.

Bowers is spearheading an effort to gain support from the nation's tribes to erect a soldier statue on the National Mall in recognition of American Indians, Alaska Natives and Native Hawaiians who have served over the years.

His proposal calls for placing it prominently at the entrance of a planned education center at the Vietnam memorial ? where millions of people visit each year ? rather than at the Museum of the American Indian.

Numerous tribal organizations, including the National Congress of American Indians, have signed on in support of the grassroots effort, and Bowers is hopeful the legislation introduced this week by Schatz doesn't complicate matters.

Jeff Begay, a Navajo and Vietnam veteran whose grandfather also served as a scout for the U.S. Army, said he prefers a memorial close to the heart of the National Mall.

"We feel that we don't want to be represented on the museum property because we're not relics anymore," he said. "We're not artifacts to be observed. We are real soldiers, we contributed to defense of this country, and we need to be honored in the Mall area."

John Garcia, deputy assistant secretary at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, said he's been meeting with Native American leaders and believes that a memorial "is a real possibility" if land is located and private funds are raised.

Garcia estimated there are about 200,000 Native American veterans, and a memorial dedicated to them would be appropriate since they have been involved in every American war from the American Revolution to recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Supporters of the two efforts agree that a memorial in the capital city would help to raise awareness of the role Native veterans have played in the country's history.

"We're trying to instill pride in our heritage as original inhabitants of this land," Begay said. "We don't want our children to grow up with that concept that we're insignificant. We want to instill in them that they're important members of the American community, and they should be proud of that."

___

Associated Press writer Russell Contreras contributed to this report.

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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/26/native-american-veterans_n_3340565.html

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Protective Modern Box for Breeding Pets: CUNIPIC Headquarters in ...

Launched in 2007, Freshome is a weblog devoted to uncovering (and sharing) the latest and greatest products in Architecture and Design. Freshome was launched in March 2007 and has grown rapidly to become one of the most popular and influential architecture and design blogs on the internet. We now get more than 3,8 million visits a month, and traffic is growing every month.

The primary focus of this design publication is to give you inspiration to make your home more beautiful, organized and healthy. We believe that a calm, healthy, beautiful home is a necessary foundation for happiness and success in the world.

For more check our about page.

Source: http://freshome.com/2013/05/26/protective-modern-box-for-breeding-pets-cunipic-headquarters-in-spain/

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Audioquest DragonFly Digital Audio Convertor review

In the portable world of digital music, it seems that most people are happy with whatever setup they have – whether it’s a laptop, iPod or smart phone. Ironically, the most expensive device from this list also has the worst audio output: your computer. That laptop or desktop (iMAC, for instance) computer has about the [...]

Source: http://the-gadgeteer.com/2013/05/26/audioquest-dragonfly-digital-audio-convertor-review/

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Gay wins 100 at Adidas Grand Prix in New York

NEW YORK (AP) ? Tyson Gay accomplished all his goals at the Adidas Grand Prix: He won, put his body through the grind of rounds ? and stayed injury-free.

On a cold, rainy afternoon, the American-record holder eased to victory in the 100 meters, finishing in 10.02 seconds into a headwind Saturday. He appeared to slow down a bit at the end but still beat countryman Ryan Bailey by .13.

"It was important to leave here healthy and not try to push it too hard with the conditions," Gay said. "I feel pretty good."

A year ago at this meet, Gay made his return to competition after major hip surgery, running in the "B'' race as he scrambled to ready himself for Olympic trials. Saturday's Diamond League event on Randall's Island was a very different experience.

After Gay barely missed out on a bronze medal in London, he's off to a strong start this season and looks as though he can challenge Usain Bolt again.

The 100 field had to run semifinals to qualify for the final, which Gay figured would be good preparation for U.S. trials before the world championships in August.

"I'm definitely pleased with the time," he said. "I felt comfortable."

Gay could probably relate to high jumper Blanka Vlasic's feelings on Saturday. The two-time world champion competed for the first time since ankle surgery 16 months ago.

"I cannot explain to you how scared I was before this competition," she said. "I came here; I didn't know if I'm ready or not."

She was ready, all right. Vlasic won, clearing 6 feet, 4? inches.

"It's just a dream come true, especially with these conditions," she said. "It took a lot of focus and energy to stay calm from the beginning of warm-up outside, when I was already wet and cold, until the end of the competition. It's not easy to jump under these circumstances. You just cannot get warm enough."

And the cold weather made her foot ache.

"But I don't care," Vlasic said. "I'm happy, and I know it will recover."

Olympic gold medalist David Rudisha won the 800 in 1:45.14 ? well off his world record of 1:40.91, but about what he expected considering the weather. Two-time Olympic champion Veronica Campbell-Brown of Jamaica took first in the 200 in 22.53 seconds.

"It's not the type of weather sprinters like," she said.

Reigning world champ Amantle Montsho won the 400; Olympic gold medalist Sanya Richards-Ross, recovering from toe surgery, pulled out after deciding her foot wasn't ready to return to competition.

Olympic silver medalist Michael Tinsley used the weather to his advantage to win the 400 hurdles, staying relaxed and rallying at the end when the wind was at his back. The American finished in 48.43 to edge London bronze medalist Javier Culson.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/gay-wins-100-adidas-grand-prix-york-200301504.html

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Nebraska Gov Takes a Pass on Senate Bid (ABC News)

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